Whereas the cheater still pretends to play, and in doing so, still acknowledges the magic circle and cycle, the player who transpases against the rules or ignores them is a spoil sport. As soon as the rules are transgressed, the whole play World collapses. They determine what holds in the temporary world circumscribed by play. Fifth, the rules that constitute the play world are crucial to the concept. The so-called magic circle is not only a spacial circle, but a temporal one as well. It is characterized by a specific limits of time and space. Fourth, play is distinct from ordinary life both in terms of locality and duration. It is accompanied by a feeling of exaltation and tension and followed by mirth and relaxation. ![]() Third, play is immersive in the sense that it is absorbing the player intensely. It refers to an activity of just pretending. This does not mean that it's only fun, because if we are immersed in play, we often play with holy earnest. Like beauty to which it is closely related, play is this interested? It contains its own course and meaning. First, play is an expression of human freedom vis-a-vis both nature and morality. This definition contains six characteristics. It promotes the formation of social groupings which tend to surround themselves with secrecy, and to stress the difference from the common world by disguise or other means. It proceeds within its own proper boundaries of time and space, according to fixed rules and in an orderly manner. It's an activity connected with no material interests and no profit can be gained by it. But at the same time, absorbing the player intensely and utterly. Summing up the formal characteristics of play, we might call it a free activity, standing quite consciously outside ordinary life as being not meant. This means that play and culture are closely linked in Huizinga's own words, "Culture arises in and has play and never leaves it." In Homo Ludens, Huizinga gives the definition of play. It is a primary category of life and constitutive for culture as such. According to Huizinga, play is not just a frivolous activity. One of the founding studies of play theory is the book Homo Ludens, published in 1936 by the Dutch cultural historian Johan Huizinga. In the last decades, we have witnessed the development of play theory as an independent discipline. However, especially in the second half of the 20th century, play has become an important object of study in disciplines such as biology, psychology, and ethology, the study of animal behavior. About 25 centuries ago, the Greek philosopher Heraclitus already reflected on the playful character of the universe. Finally, he will discuss the function of play in our culture. Then he will define play by giving its six characteristics. In this video, philosophy Professor Jos de Mul will first provide the origins of play theory. ![]() Plays also are subject of study because it evokes all kinds of questions such as, what exactly is play? Why do we play? Do we play just for fun? Or does play have other functions in our lives? Play theory attempts to answer these kinds of questions. Play is even older than humans as many animals play two. All people play in all cultures and in all times. ![]() ![]() Playfulness and play are deeply rooted in human life. Note that this MOOC will not teach you how to design a serious game.Īre you ready to broaden your vision on serious games? Join this course and be inspired! View Syllabus This MOOC is particularly interesting for you when you are a student considering to study digital media such as serious games, a professional interested in the opportunities these games may create for your organization, or a game developer who wants to know more about the impact serious games can have. Throughout the MOOC, theoretical insights will be illustrated with playful animations and case studies of serious games that are developed by world-class companies in the city of Rotterdam. The potential impact of gaming is addressed in detail by discussing persuasive games, which aim at changing the player's attitude. State of the art theories from game studies, philosophy and media psychology will be used to help you understand how serious games work and how they appeal to players. We will explain why people like to play them and what impact they may have. We will define serious games and discuss the different types that have been developed. In this MOOC you will learn the ins and outs of games that are designed with exactly those purposes in mind: serious games. Have you ever wondered how playing games can help us to train people, deal with societal challenges or raise awareness of contemporary social issues?
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